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Capillarity is closely related to surface tension. It is the
tendency of a liquid to rise spontaneously in a small tube. In
the case of a liquid like water, high surface tension tends to
make water "wet" glass in a thin film. Polar water
molecules are also attracted to the polar silicon dioxide units
in glass. The combination of these forces pulls the film of water
onto the walls of small glass tubes, and the water molecules which
hang together move up into the tube a short distance. Viscosity
is the resistance to flow that a substance possesses. Related to
the strength of intermolecular forces, viscosity is most easily
observed in liquids like oils which, while generally non-polar,
consist of long chain molecules with considerable dispersion
forces. Water has respectable viscosity but the effect of added
hydrogen bonding can be seen with glycerol which has three -OH
groups on a short carbon skeleton. |
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